REDEFINING BORDER MANAGEMENT

                                                                            "If one door closes another opens"

This statement if put in terms of border management it perfectly defines India's security scenario. As with extremely tight watch on our western border. it has has made the anti-national elements to look for other means to enter the country making Nepal and Bangladesh their perfect target but before analysing the security on eastern side of the country lets look at the situations on these borders

India-Pakistan Border: 3323 km

For reason being one of the most prominent location for insurgency,infiltration by terrorists and smuggling of arms, ammunition and contraband,the LoC being the most active and live portion of the border.To tackle this GOI and Army has taken sevral steps to make the border impenetrable. to ensure this a 3 layer defence is set up. 

1st line comprises of the technology consisting of Fencing Floodlights,Night Vision Devices, Hand Held Thermal Imagers, Battle Field Surveillance Radars, Direction Finders, Unattended Ground Sensors, High Powered Telescope, etc

2nd layer includes Army and Paramilitary forces with their integrated check posts(ICPs) and constant patrolling with latter operating and monitoring the security apparatus.

3rd layer includes special cells of Local Police forces setting up nakas and checkpoints on the vulnerable areas and acting on the inputs provided by the Defence forces

(due to latest attacks on Punjab and J&K GOI has ordered to put up laser net around the unguarded areas along the river because the GPS coordinates shows that the terrorist entered after swimming through river Ravi")

As a result of the efforts indo-pak border is one the few man-made objects which is visible from the space

courtesy :NASA

India -Nepal Border: 1751 km

21st century Indo-Nepal relationship's foundation was laid in 1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship which one can say is the Asian version of America-Canada relationship with its added benefits:

• Nepalese the same economic and educational opportunities as Indian citizens in India and preferential treatment to Indians compared to other nationalities in Nepal
• Nepalese and Indian nationals may move freely across the border without passports or visas and may live and work in either country

But with the changing world threat definition is also changing for both the countries. current issues at hand are:

River Kali: Nepal claims that the river to the west of Kalapani is the main Kali river, hence it belongs to Nepal.But India insists that the river to the east of Kalapani is the main Kali river, and therefore claim the Kalapani area belongs to India.

Missing pillars: With the view to address border issues India and Nepal started a process of demarcation of line. As per the Nepalese Government out of 8000 pillars 1,240 pillars are missing, 2,500 require restoration and 400 more need to be constructed.Survey teams from both countries will locate and identify missing pillars along the border and construct new pillars.

Human trafficking: Nepal due to its poor economy is the centre of well organised smuggling networks dealing in everything right from animal skin to humans. With the recent ecological disaster in Nepal human trafficking has seen a 500% rise in 2015 alone most of them being children.

A New Gateway: India-Nepal border is now acting as a new gateway for the terrorists to enter india because of porous security and border management on both sides of the border.As a result of this Madhubani located 45 km from Nepal, district has also emerged as a new recruiting centre and hideout for terrorists. Since 2006, police have picked up six terror agents from Madhubani alone.

With all this plate nobody checks credentials of people coming in from Nepal making it security nightmare for both centre and state.

INDIA-BANGLADESH BORDER: 4096 km

In recent times this border has been most active in terms of insurgency,weapons movement and aiding and abetting anti-national elements. 2 main issues has rose in recent time

Also Read: Border Review East

Illegal Migration:  A country with a billion plus population now lets add million plus people and now make them citizen of india and demand to provide basic standard of living to all the people. 

Some figures from 1990s put the number from Bangladeshi immigrant at 20 to 30 million. With the time this has changed the demography of adjoining states sharing border with Bangladesh case in point "Assam Riots" where in few areas these immigrants are now in majority with fake voter cards and IDs resulting in political inclination of local political parties using them as as they deem fit.

New Safe Haven: From 2009-14, at least 17 top leaders of various Indian insurgent groups operating from Bangladesh have been arrested and eight others have surrendered.With this one can clearly understand that besides Pakistan; Bangladesh should be top priority in case of Border Management. Bangladesh also has to understand as these anti-national elements are not only the problem for India but also for them taking lessons from sinister plot of Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) terrorists to topple the Sheikh Hasina government in Bangladesh. 

PROBABLE SOLUTIONS

Now one has to understand 'Criticism without a suggested solution is only complaining"

Keeping the recent terrorist activities in mind there is an urgent requirement of Central Intelligence organisation whose primary and only task should be gathering all the data right from Local police to to intelligence organisations the main reason being that we have data flowing from almost from everywhere but these data are analysed by the particular agencies only thereby resulting in under-utilization of informations.The same happened with US where after 9/11 FBI along with NSA and CIA had integrated its intelligence mission with its traditional law enforcement creating a singular flow of information.
Adding to this a central database of suspects should be formed so that other agencies can know who is watching who 

GOI can call for a new initiative to build sensors and other security equipments from IITs and NITs along with DRDO and third party(esp. Israel: because of their experience in this field). But one should keep in mind that these initiatives should be time-bounded and result-oriented.

Special focus should be given on Nepal and Bangladesh border as these will be main concern in the coming future.

• For Nepal a Time bounded entry and exit system across the border should be undertaken to minimise the flow. joint specialised unit from local force and paramilitary organisations be made only to cater the border and border intelligence and monthly security briefs and workshops should be made by intelligence organisation to teach them the ever-changing tactics insurgents and smugglers along with the full revitalisation of the local force.
• For bangladesh primarily target should be cover holes whatever left.Setting up of branch of an intelligence unit should be done to be aware of the situations happening on the ground

Lastly try to think like them; use unconventional tactics to broke the current border security only to know which  door need to be repaired thus keeping the home safe